DGA (Dissolved Gas Analysis) — Transformer Glossary

Diagnostic technique that analyses gases dissolved in transformer oil to detect incipient faults.

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DGA (Dissolved Gas Analysis)

Diagnostic technique that analyses gases dissolved in transformer oil to detect incipient faults.

Key gases and their fault indicators: Hydrogen (H₂) — partial discharge, corona. Methane (CH₄) — low-temperature oil decomposition. Ethylene (C₂H₄) — high-temperature oil decomposition (hot spots). Acetylene (C₂H₂) — arcing, the most critical indicator. Carbon monoxide/dioxide (CO/CO₂) — cellulose degradation. Interpretation methods include Duval's Triangle, Key Gas Method, and Rogers' Ratio. Regular DGA sampling (annually for power transformers, every 2–3 years for distribution) enables predictive maintenance and prevents catastrophic failures.

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Partial Discharge (PD)Localised electrical discharge that does not fully bridge the insulation between conductors. A precursor to insulation failure.

Tan Delta (Dissipation Factor)Measure of dielectric losses in insulation. A high tan delta value indicates deteriorated insulation.