kVA (Kilovolt-Ampere) — Transformer Glossary

Unit of apparent power equal to 1,000 volt-amperes. Transformer capacity is rated in kVA rather than kW because the transformer must handle both real and reactive power.

Backelectrical

kVA (Kilovolt-Ampere)

Unit of apparent power equal to 1,000 volt-amperes. Transformer capacity is rated in kVA rather than kW because the transformer must handle both real and reactive power.

The distinction between kVA and kW is fundamental to transformer engineering. A transformer rated at 1,000 kVA can deliver 1,000 kW only if the power factor is unity (1.0). In practice, power factors range from 0.7 to 0.95, meaning the actual useful power is always less than the kVA rating. Transformer sizing must account for the expected power factor of connected loads. Motor-heavy installations typically have lower power factors (0.75–0.85), while resistive loads approach unity.

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Where this term matters in the ETS portfolio.

transformersDistribution Liquid TransformersReliable liquid-filled distribution transformers for utility and commercial applications.

transformersPad Mounted TransformersUL Listed pad-mounted transformers for North American underground distribution.

transformersContainerized SubstationPlug & play containerized systems, custom skid and container fabrication, and complete mechanical & electrical integration.

transformersPackage Substation TransformersCompact, factory-assembled package substation transformers for utility and industrial distribution networks.

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Impedance (%Z)The percentage of rated voltage required to circulate full-load current through the transformer with the secondary short-circuited. A critical parameter for fault current calculations.

Power Factor (PF)The ratio of real power (kW) to apparent power (kVA) in an AC circuit. Ranges from 0 to 1, where 1 represents a purely resistive load.