K-Factor — Transformer Glossary

Rating that indicates a transformer's ability to handle harmonic-rich loads from VFDs, UPS systems, LED drivers, and other non-linear loads.

Backelectrical

K-Factor

Rating that indicates a transformer's ability to handle harmonic-rich loads from VFDs, UPS systems, LED drivers, and other non-linear loads.

K-Factor quantifies the additional heating caused by harmonic currents. K-1 = no harmonics (linear loads only). K-4 = moderate harmonics (typical commercial buildings with LED lighting, computers). K-13 = severe harmonics (data centres, industrial VFDs). K-20 = extreme harmonics (SCR drives, induction heating). Higher K-Factor transformers use: lower flux density cores, transposed conductors, additional cooling, and oversized neutrals. Specifying the correct K-Factor prevents premature transformer failure in modern buildings where non-linear loads dominate.

Specify the Right Product

Where this term matters in the ETS portfolio.

transformersCast Resin Dry Type TransformersIndoor-rated dry-type transformers for clean and sensitive environments.

transformersSolar PV Application TransformersSpecialised transformers for photovoltaic power plants and inverter stations.

transformersBESS TransformersBattery Energy Storage System transformers optimised for cyclic loading, harmonic-rich environments, and bidirectional power flow.

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Core Loss (No-Load Loss)Power dissipated in the transformer core due to hysteresis and eddy currents. Present whenever the transformer is energized, regardless of load.

Eddy CurrentsCirculating currents induced in conductive materials (core laminations, tank walls, structural parts) by time-varying magnetic flux.