Hertz (Hz) — Transformer Glossary

Unit of frequency equal to one cycle per second. Power systems operate at either 50 Hz or 60 Hz.

Backelectrical

Hertz (Hz)

Unit of frequency equal to one cycle per second. Power systems operate at either 50 Hz or 60 Hz.

The choice of 50 Hz vs 60 Hz is historically determined and varies by region. 50 Hz is used in most of the world (IEC markets), while 60 Hz is standard in North America and parts of Asia/South America. The frequency directly affects transformer design: core cross-section, number of turns, and magnetic flux density. A transformer's voltage-per-turn ratio is proportional to frequency × flux density × core area. ETS manufactures to both 50 Hz and 60 Hz, a capability essential for serving global markets.

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Transformer CoreThe laminated magnetic circuit that provides the path for magnetic flux between the primary and secondary windings.

Core SaturationThe condition where the core's magnetic flux density reaches a level where further increases in magnetizing current produce diminishing increases in flux.