Core Saturation — Transformer Glossary

The condition where the core's magnetic flux density reaches a level where further increases in magnetizing current produce diminishing increases in flux.

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Core Saturation

The condition where the core's magnetic flux density reaches a level where further increases in magnetizing current produce diminishing increases in flux.

Saturation flux density for CRGO steel is approximately 2.0 T (tesla). Normal operating flux density is designed at 1.6–1.7 T, providing margin against overvoltage and transient conditions. Core saturation causes: dramatic increase in magnetizing current, high harmonic content, excessive heating, and increased audible noise. Operating a 60 Hz transformer at 50 Hz without voltage reduction causes saturation because flux is inversely proportional to frequency.

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FerroresonanceA nonlinear resonance phenomenon involving the interaction between a transformer's magnetizing inductance and system capacitance, causing dangerous overvoltages.

CRGO (Cold-Rolled Grain-Oriented Steel)Specialised silicon steel used for transformer cores. The grain orientation minimises magnetic losses.

Transformer CoreThe laminated magnetic circuit that provides the path for magnetic flux between the primary and secondary windings.